Gambling, cryptocurrency, and financial trading app marketing in English Premier League football: A frequency analysis of in-game logos.

Background & aims: The gamblification of UK football has resulted in a proliferation of in-game marketing associated with gambling and gambling-like products such as cryptocurrencies and financial trading apps. The English Premier League (EPL) has in response banned gambling logos on shirt-fronts from 2026 onward. This ban does not affect other types of marketing for gambling (e.g., sleeves and pitch-side hoardings), nor gambling-like products. This study therefore aimed to assess the ban's implied overall reduction of different types of marketing exposure. Methods: We performed a frequency analysis of logos associated with gambling, cryptocurrency, and financial trading across 10 broadcasts from the 2022/23 EPL season. For each relevant logo, we coded: the marketed product, associated brand, number of individual logos, logo location, logo duration, and whether harm-reduction content was present. Results: There were 20,941 relevant logos across the 10 broadcasts, of which 13,427 (64.1%) were for gambling only, 2,236 (10.7%) were for both gambling and cryptocurrency, 2,014 (9.6%) were for cryptocurrency only, 2,068 (9.9%) were for both cryptocurrency and financial trading, and 1,196 (5.7%) were for financial trading only. There were 1,075 shirt-front gambling-associated logos, representing 6.9% of all gambling-associated logos, and 5.1% of all logos combined. Pitch-side hoardings were the most frequent marketing location (52.3%), and 3.4% of logos contained harm-reduction content. Discussion & Conclusions: Brand logos associated with gambling, cryptocurrency, and financial trading are common within EPL broadcasts. Approximately 1 in 20 gambling and gambling-like logos are subject to the EPL's voluntary ban on shirt-front gambling sponsorship.

Meaning of the Skulls Depicted in Emblem Books of the 17th Century.

The aim of this study is to elucidate the meaning of the skulls depicted in emblem books of the 17th century. Three emblem books of the 17th century were reviewed and analyzed: (1) Rollenhagen emblem: Gabrielis Rollenhagii Selectorum emblematum centuria secunda (1613), (2) Quarles' emblems; illustrations engraved by William Marshall and others (1635), and (3) Wither's emblem: A collection of emblemes, ancient and moderne: quickened with metricall illustrations, both morall and divine: and disposed into lotteries (1635). Among the 100 illustrations in Rollenhagen's book, 4 (4.0%) had skulls. Among the 76 illustrations in Quarles' book, 6 (7.9%) had skulls. Among the 256 illustrations in Wither's book, 12 (4.7%) had skulls. Thereafter, 22 (5.1%) of 432 illustrations had skulls. Four emblems in Rollenhagen's book were exactly identical to those in Wither's book. Therefore, 18 emblems (6 Quarles' emblem, 12 Wither's emblem) were analyzed. The most frequent meaning of skulls in 18 emblems was death (12, 66.7%), followed by resurrection (2, 11.2%). Other meanings were grief, the brevity of life, vanity of love, and pain, respectively (1 each). The most frequent of the theme of the emblems, which included skulls, was 'Memento mori' (remember death, 6, 33.3%), followed by an earnest desire for salvation or resurrection (3, 16.7%), and importance of knowledge or learning (2, 11.1%). Since these emblem books were published after Vesalius' Fabrica (1543), the drawing of the bones of the arm and legs had anatomic correlations. However, skulls were not sufficiently precise, showing each part of the facial bones.

The Romance of the Republic: Class Conflict and the Problem of Progress in Thomas Arnold's History of Rome (1838-42).

This article repositions Thomas Arnold as a major nineteenth-century historian through an analysis of his most important work, the History of Rome (1838-42). While scholars have focused primarily on Arnold's role as headmaster of Rugby School and Liberal Anglican theologian, I examine his historical contribution in the context of the Romantic movement. Building on the work of B. G. Niebuhr and Giambattista Vico, Arnold interpreted the contest between the patricians and plebeians at Rome as emblematic of a universal class struggle, in which failure to find a compromise between the rich and the poor would inevitably lead to disaster.

Insignia of the Royal Army Dental Corps and Commonwealth Dental Corps.

The insignia worn by the British and Commonwealth Armed Services are rich in symbolism and meaning to the corps and regiments that wear them. Originally, before the adoption of national uniforms pre-1700s, there was little to distinguish friend from foe. To overcome that problem, certainly in battle, it was common practice to wear some sort of distinctive emblem, such as a sprig of a native plant. This then developed, in the reign of Charles II, to the custom of individual regiments or corps adopting devices and designs of their 'colours', through to modern cap and collar badges.On the centenary of the Royal Army Dental Corps, this paper gives some insight into those designs adopted by the Royal and Commonwealth Dental Corps, when a distinct service of dental care was recognised. They give a fascinating insight into the adoption and amalgamation of both national and dental symbols. The Dental Corps, separate from Army Medical Corps, went on to develop the vital provision of dental healthcare, both in the field and at home.

Caduceus: A Medical Symbol of Deception, or Is There More to That?

The serpent is the most popular representative symbol of medicine. The two main figures commonly used are the rod of Asclepius and the caduceus. Much controversy exists in the literature on whether the caduceus is a false symbol for medicine or not. The history of how these depictions came to be ambassadors of the medical science is elusive to many physicians. Scholars suggest that the origin of this false belief dates back to 1902, when the US Army Medical Corps first incorporated the caduceus as its symbol. This current essay is an attempt to discover and interpret how the snake came to be part of the rod of Asclepius and the caduceus, and constitute the symbol of medicine in our days. It is widely accepted that a doctor's obligation is not only in healing the ill, but the task that is bestowed upon him is more complex. Therefore, one should be considered more of a physician rather than simply a doctor.

Guided neural style transfer for shape stylization.

Designing logos, typefaces, and other decorated shapes can require professional skills. In this paper, we aim to produce new and unique decorated shapes by stylizing ordinary shapes with machine learning. Specifically, we combined parametric and non-parametric neural style transfer algorithms to transfer both local and global features. Furthermore, we introduced a distance-based guiding to the neural style transfer process, so that only the foreground shape will be decorated. Lastly, qualitative evaluation and ablation studies are provided to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method.

Uma pandemia viral em contexto de racismo estrutural: desvelando a generificação do genocídio negro / A viral pandemic in the context of structural racism: unveiling black genocide / Unapandemia viral en el contexto del racismo estructural: develando la generificación del genocidio de la población negra

Resumo Para compreender o mundo contemporâneo é imprescindível voltar o olhar para a colonização das Américas e a escravização dos povos indígenas e negros, pois esses processos históricos e políticos construíram as estruturas das sociedades modernas. A partir da colonização produziu-se a racialização dos corpos, que estabeleceu uma hierarquia de vida e de morte. Logo, o racismo torna-se a base do direito de matar. O negro é fabricado como insígnia da morte, sendo desumanizado e submetido à violência racial-colonial e também à de gênero. Este ensaio se propõe a tecer reflexões sobre o modo como o racismo modula, e também é modulado, no contexto pandêmico da Covid-19, além de salientar um contínuo histórico de violências raciais que reencenam o passado colonial. Para isso, tomaremos como cerne do debate as experiências das mulheres negras, haja vista que suas posicionalidades nas estruturas de poder permitem observar e analisar as realidades sociais numa perspectiva contra-hegemônica e insurgente. Dispor as experiências das mulheres negras enquanto lócus privilegiado de produção de conhecimento sobre a realidade nacional brasileira alicerça o entendimento das consequências do racismo no tecido social, assim como visibiliza resistências históricas ao Estado genocida.

Abstract Looking back towards the colonization of the Americas and the enslavement of indigenous and black peoples is essential to understand the contemporary world, as these historical and political processes built the structures of modern societies. The colonization produced racialized bodies, establishing a life/death hierarchy. Thus, racism becomes the foundation of the right to kill. The black is manufactured as a death insignia, dehumanized and subjected to racial-colonial violence, as well as of gender. This essay aims to reflect how racism modulates and is modulated in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, besides highlighting a historical continuum of racial violence that reenact the colonial past. To this end, black women's experiences comprise the core of the debate, as their role within the power structures allow us to observe and analyze social realities from a counter-hegemonic and insurgent perspective. By arranging black women's experiences as a privileged locus of knowledge production on the Brazilian reality, we may understand the consequences of racism based on the social fabric and expose historical resistance to the genocidal state.

Resumen Para entender el mundo contemporáneo es fundamental mirar la colonización de América y la esclavitud de los pueblos indígenas y de los negros, ya que estos procesos históricos y políticos han construido las estructuras de las sociedades modernas. La colonización conllevó la producción de una racialización de los cuerpos que estableció una jerarquía de vida y muerte. Por tanto, el racismo se convirtió en la base del derecho a matar. El negro se fabrica como insignia de la muerte, y es deshumanizado y sometido a violencia racial-colonial y de género. Este ensayo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre la forma en que el racismo modula, y también se modula, en el contexto pandémico de Covid-19, además de resaltar una historia continua de violencia racial que recrea el pasado colonial. Para ello, tomaremos las vivencias de las mujeres negras como eje del debate, dado que sus posiciones en las estructuras de poder nos permiten observar y analizar las realidades sociales desde una perspectiva contrahegemónica e insurgente. Disponer de las vivencias de las mujeres negras como un lugar privilegiado de producción de conocimiento sobre la realidad nacional brasileña sustenta la comprensión de las consecuencias del racismo en el tejido social, además de mostrar la resistencia histórica al Estado genocida.

Effectiveness of the International Symbol of Access and inclusivity of other disability groups.

BACKGROUND: The International Symbol of Access (ISA) is recognized world-wide for designating and identifying areas which are wheelchair accessible, however its meaning has evolved to include both restricted use and universal accessibility. OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to investigate the effectiveness of the ISA in representing individuals of all impairment types. METHODS: A mixed-method survey was disseminated in the U.S. and internationally to persons without self-identified impairment and individuals of various impairment group types, including mobility, vision, hearing, and cognitive impairments, using convenience sampling (n = 981). Quantitative data was analyzed using ranking patterns and regression analysis. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis and triangulation. RESULTS: Participants with self-identified mobility impairments rated the ISA more favorably than other disability groups (p = 0.002). In addition, there is a significant correlation between age and effectiveness of the ISA, with participants rating the symbol more favorably as age increases. Common themes included association of the ISA with a mobility impairment, implications for restricted use or reserved space, and physical accessibility. CONCLUSIONS: The ISA is not effective in representing individuals with non-mobility impairments and its ambiguous nature leads to confusion for both persons with and without impairment.

Banderas rojas para sospechar encefalitis anti-NMDAr en un primer episodio psicótico: reporte de dos casos / Red flags for suspecting anti-NMDAr encephalitis in a first psychotic episode: report of two cases

RESUMEN La encefalitis asociada a anticuerpos contra el receptor de N-metil-D-Aspartato (NMDAr) es una entidad clínica recientemente descrita con un número creciente de casos reporta dos. Los síntomas psiquiátricos en etapas tempranas de la enfermedad conforman un reto diagnóstico para el médico tratante. Presentamos dos casos clínicos: el caso clínico 1, un hombre de 26 arios y el caso clínico 2, un joven de 18 arios, ambos abordados como primer episodio de psicosis y hospitalizados en instituciones psiquiátricas. Posteriormente, ambos casos fueron diagnosticados como encefalitis anti-NMDAr. La alta prevalencia de síntomas psiquiátricos en la encefalis anti-NMDAr demanda a los médicos psiquiatras y neurólogos a tener un alto índice de sospecha en presencia de síntomas atípicos en pacientes evaluados por primer episodio de psicosis.

ABSTRACT Anti-N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptor (NMDAr) encephalitis is a recently described clinical entity with an increasing number of reported cases. Psychiatric symptoms in the early stages of the disease constitute a diagnostic challenge for the treating physician. We present two clinical cases: clinical case 1, a 26-year-old man, and clinical case 2, an 18-year-old man; both presented with a first episode of psychosis and were hospitalized as psychiatric disorders. Subsequently, both cases were diagnosed as anti-NMDAr encephalitis. The high prevalence of psychiatric symptoms in anti-NMDAr encephalitis forces psychiatrists and neurologists to have a high degree of suspicion in the presence of atypical symptoms in patients evaluated for the first episode of psychosis.

Simbología en medicina y ciencias de la salud / Symbology in medicine and health sciences

La inclusión curricular de la historia de la medicina se hace cada vez más importante, y dentro de la misma el estudio de la simbología en medicina es un tema muy interesante y a veces polémico. Los símbolos asociados a la medicina usualmente presentan serpientes asociadas a los mismos, siendo los más reconocidos el bastón de Asclepio/Esculapio y el caduceo de Hermes/Mercurio. Las serpientes se encuentran asociadas a consideraciones positivas y negativas en las diferentes culturas del mundo. En el Antiguo Egipto eran símbolos de sabiduría y poder. En la Biblia tenían un rol dual y una participación en al menos un evento relacionado a curaciones masivas. La mitología griega nos provee de elementos que conectan a serpientes enrolladas en torno a una rama o vara directamente con la medicina. El tratamiento de la dracunculiasis nos otorga otra vía de conexión entre esta imagen y la medicina. El bastón de Asclepio/Esculapio se reconoce como símbolo de la medicina y las ciencias de la salud en general, mientras que el caduceo se asocia a otras profesiones no médicas.

The curricular inclusion of the history of medicine is becoming more and more important, and within it the study of symbology in medicine is a very interesting and sometimes controversial subject. The symbols associated with medicine usually present snakes associated with them, the most recognized being the rod of Asclepius/ Aesculapius and the Hermes/Mercury caduceus. Snakes are associated with positive and negative considerations in the different cultures of the world. In Ancient Egypt they were symbols of wisdom and power. In the Bible they had a dual role and a participation in at least one event related to massive healings. Greek mythology provides us with elements that connect snakes coiled around a branch or rod directly to medicine. The treatment of dracunculiasis gives us another way of connection between this image and medicine. The rod of Asclepius/ Aesculapius is recognized as a symbol of medicine and health sciences in general, while the caduceus is associated with other non-medical professions

A norming study of high-quality video clips of pantomimes, emblems, and meaningless gestures.

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in behavioral and neuroimaging studies on the processing of symbolic communicative gestures, such as pantomimes and emblems, but well-controlled stimuli have been scarce. This study describes a dataset of more than 200 video clips of an actress performing pantomimes (gestures that mimic object-directed/object-use actions; e.g., playing guitar), emblems (conventional gestures; e.g., thumbs up), and meaningless gestures. Gestures were divided into four lists. For each of these four lists, 50 Italian and 50 American raters judged the meaningfulness of the gestures and provided names and descriptions for them. The results of these rating and norming measures are reported separately for the Italian and American raters, offering the first normed set of meaningful and meaningless gestures for experimental studies. The stimuli are available for download via the Figshare database.

How to Create Shared Symbols.

Human cognition and behavior are dominated by symbol use. This paper examines the social learning strategies that give rise to symbolic communication. Experiment 1 contrasts an individual-level account, based on observational learning and cognitive bias, with an inter-individual account, based on social coordinative learning. Participants played a referential communication game in which they tried to communicate a range of recurring meanings to a partner by drawing, but without using their conventional language. Individual-level learning, via observation and cognitive bias, was sufficient to produce signs that became increasingly effective, efficient, and shared over games. However, breaking a referential precedent eliminated these benefits. The most effective, most efficient, and most shared signs arose when participants could directly interact with their partner, indicating that social coordinative learning is important to the creation of shared symbols. Experiment 2 investigated the contribution of two distinct aspects of social interaction: behavior alignment and concurrent partner feedback. Each played a complementary role in the creation of shared symbols: Behavior alignment primarily drove communication effectiveness, and partner feedback primarily drove the efficiency of the evolved signs. In conclusion, inter-individual social coordinative learning is important to the evolution of effective, efficient, and shared symbols.

Predictive validity of the tobacco marketing receptivity index among non-smoking youth.

INTRODUCTION: In a previous cross-sectional study of early adolescents, we developed a marketing receptivity index (MRI) that integrates point-of-sale (PoS) marketing exposures, brand recall, and ownership of branded merchandise. The MRI had independent, positive associations with smoking susceptibility among never smokers and with current smoking behavior. The current longitudinal study assessed the MRI's predictive validity among adolescents who have never smoked cigarettes METHODS: Data come from a longitudinal, school-based survey of 33 secondary schools in Argentina. Students who had never smoked at baseline were followed up approximately 17months later (n=1700). Questions assessed: PoS marketing exposure by querying frequency of going to stores where tobacco is commonly sold; cued recall of brand names for 3 cigarette packages from dominant brands but with the brand name removed; and ownership of branded merchandise. A four-level MRI was derived: 1.low PoS marketing exposure only; 2. high PoS exposure or recall of 1 brand; 3. recall of 2 or more brands; and 4. ownership of branded merchandise. Logistic regression models regressed smoking initiation by follow up survey on the MRI, each of its components, and students' willingness to try a brand, adjusting for sociodemographics, social network smoking, and sensation seeking. RESULTS: The MRI had an independent positive association with smoking initiation. When analyzed separately, each MRI component was associated with outcomes except branded merchandise ownership. CONCLUSIONS: The MRI and its components were associated with smoking initiation, except for branded merchandise ownership, which may better predict smoking progression than initiation. The MRI appears valid and useful for future studies.